what factors lead to americas rise to industrial supremacy apush

The American colonists' breakup with the British Empire in 1776 wasn't a sudden, impetuous act. Instead, the banding together of the 13 colonies to fight and win a war of independence confronting the Crown was the culmination of a series of events, which had begun more than than a decade earlier. Escalations began shortly after the end of the French and Indian War—known elsewhere equally the 7 Years War in 1763. Here are a few of the pivotal moments that led to the American Revolution.

one. The Stamp Act (March 1765)

Sheet of penny acquirement stamps printed by Britain for the American colonies, subsequently the Postage stamp Act of 1765.

VCG Wilson/Corbis/Getty Images

To compensate some of the massive debt left over from the war with France, Parliament passed laws such as the Postage Act, which for the offset time taxed a wide range of transactions in the colonies.

"Upwardly until then, each colony had its ain government which decided which taxes they would take, and nerveless them," explains Willard Sterne Randall, a professor emeritus of history at Champlain College and author of numerous works on early American history, including Unshackling America: How the War of 1812 Truly Ended the American Revolution. "They felt that they'd spent a lot of blood and treasure to protect the colonists from the Indians, and so they should pay their share."

The colonists didn't run across it that way. They resented not just having to buy appurtenances from the British merely pay taxation on them as well. "The tax never got collected, because there were riots all over the footstep," Randall says. Ultimately, Benjamin Franklin convinced the British to rescind information technology, but that only made things worse. "That fabricated the Americans think they could push dorsum against anything the British wanted," Randall says.

READ More: The Stamp Human action

ii. The Townshend Acts (June-July 1767)

An American colonist reads with concern the royal proclamation of a tax on tea in the colonies equally a British soldier stands nearby with burglarize and bayonet, Boston, 1767. The tax on tea was i of the clauses of the Townshend Acts.

Hulton Archive/Getty Images

Parliament again tried to assert its authorization by passing legislation to tax goods that the Americans imported from Slap-up United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland. The Crown established a board of customs commissioners to stop smuggling and corruption among local officials in the colonies, who were frequently in on the illicit merchandise.

Americans struck dorsum by organizing a boycott of the British goods that were subject to tax, and began harassing the British customs commissioners. In an try to quell the resistance, the British sent troops to occupy Boston, which merely deepened the ill feeling.

READ MORE: The Townshend Acts

3. The Boston Massacre (March 1770)

A print of the Boston Massacre by Paul Revere, 1770.

Barney Burstein/Corbis/VCG/Getty Images

Simmering tensions between the British occupiers and Boston residents boiled over ane belatedly afternoon, when a disagreement between an apprentice wigmaker and a British soldier led to a crowd of 200 colonists surrounding seven British troops. When the Americans began taunting the British and throwing things at them, the soldiers apparently lost their absurd and began firing into the crowd.

As the smoke cleared, three men—including an African American sailor named Crispus Attucks—were dead, and two others were mortally wounded. The massacre became a useful propaganda tool for the colonists, specially subsequently Paul Revere distributed an engraving that misleadingly depicted the British every bit the aggressors.

READ More: Did a Snowball Fight Start the American Revolution?

4. The Boston Tea Political party (December 1773)

The Boston Tea Party destroying tea in Boston Harbor on December 16, 1773.

Bettmann Annal/Getty Images

The British eventually withdrew their forces from Boston and repealed much of the onerous Townshend legislation. But they left in place the revenue enhancement on tea, and in 1773 enacted a new law, the Tea Act, to prop upwards the financially struggling British Due east Republic of india Visitor. The act gave the company extended favorable treatment under tax regulations, so that information technology could sell tea at a price that undercut the American merchants who imported from Dutch traders.

That didn't sit well with Americans. "They didn't want the British telling them that they had to buy their tea, but it wasn't only nearly that," Randall explains. "The Americans wanted to exist able to trade with any country they wanted."

Scroll to Continue

The Sons of Liberty, a radical group, decided to confront the British head-on. Thinly disguised as Mohawks, they boarded 3 ships in Boston harbor and destroyed more than 92,000 pounds of British tea by dumping it into the harbor. To make the signal that they were rebels rather than vandals, they avoided harming whatsoever of the coiffure or dissentious the ships themselves, and the next solar day fifty-fifty replaced a padlock that had been cleaved.

Still, the act of disobedience "really ticked off the British government," Randall explains. "Many of the Due east India Company's shareholders were members of Parliament. They each had paid ane,000 pounds sterling—that would probably be about a million dollars now—for a share of the company, to get a piece of the activity from all this tea that they were going to force down the colonists' throats. So when these lesser-of-the-rung people in Boston destroyed their tea, that was a serious matter to them."

READ More: The Boston Tea Party

5. The Coercive Acts (March-June 1774)

The first Continental Congress, held in Carpenter'south Hall, Philadelphia, met to define American rights and organize a plan of resistance to the Coercive Acts imposed past the British Parliament equally punishment for the Boston Tea Political party.

MPI/Getty Images

In response to the Boston Tea Party, the British government decided that information technology had to tame the rebellious colonists in Massachusetts. In the spring of 1774, Parliament passed a series of laws, the Coercive Acts, which closed Boston Harbor until restitution was paid for the destroyed tea, replaced the colony's elected council with i appointed by the British, gave sweeping powers to the British military governor General Thomas Gage, and forbade boondocks meetings without approving.

Yet another provision protected British colonial officials who were charged with upper-case letter offenses from beingness tried in Massachusetts, instead requiring that they exist sent to another colony or dorsum to Britain for trial.

But mayhap the virtually provocative provision was the Quartering Act, which allowed British military officials to demand accommodations for their troops in unoccupied houses and buildings in towns, rather than having to stay out in the countryside. While information technology didn't force the colonists to lath troops in their own homes, they had to pay for the expense of housing and feeding the soldiers. The quartering of troops eventually became ane of the grievances cited in the Proclamation of Independence.

6. Lexington and Concord (Apr 1775)

The Battle of Lexington broke out on April 19, 1775.

DEA Flick Library/De Agostini/Getty Images

British General Thomas Gage led a force of British soldiers from Boston to Lexington, where he planned to capture colonial radical leaders Sam Adams and John Hancock, and then caput to Concord and seize their gunpowder. But American spies got current of air of the plan, and with the aid of riders such as Paul Revere, word spread to be set for the British.

On the Lexington Common, the British force was confronted by 77 American militiamen, and they began shooting at each other. Seven Americans died, but other militiamen managed to stop the British at Concord, and continued to harass them on their retreat back to Boston.

The British lost 73 dead, with another 174 wounded and 26 missing in activity. The bloody encounter proved to the British that the colonists were fearsome foes who had to be taken seriously. Information technology was the start of America's state of war of independence.

READ More: The Battles of Lexington and Concord

7. British attacks on coastal towns (October 1775-January 1776)

Though the Revolutionary War'southward hostilities started with Lexington and Concord, Randall says that at the starting time, information technology was unclear whether the southern colonies, whose interests didn't necessarily marshal with the northern colonies, would be all in for a state of war of independence.

"The southerners were totally dependent upon the English to buy their crops, and they didn't trust the Yankees," he explains. "And in New England, the Puritans thought the southerners were lazy."

Only that was before the roughshod British naval bombardments and burning of the coastal towns of Falmouth, Massachusetts and Norfolk, Virginia helped to unify the colonies. In Falmouth, where townspeople had to grab their possessions and flee for their lives, northerners had to face up to "the fear that the British would practise whatsoever they wanted to them," Randall says.

As historian Holger Hoock has written, the called-for of Falmouth shocked General George Washington, who denounced it as "exceeding in barbarity & cruelty every hostile act practiced among civilized nations."

Similarly, in Norfolk, the horror of the town's wooden buildings going up in flames subsequently a seven-hr naval bombardment shocked the southerners, who besides knew that the British were offering African Americans their freedom if they took upward arms on the loyalist side. "Norfolk stirred up fears of a slave insurrection in the Due south," Randall says.

Leaders of the rebellion seized the burnings of the 2 ports to make the argument that the colonists needed to ring together for survival against a ruthless enemy and embrace the need for independence—a spirit that ultimately would atomic number 82 to their victory.

valeriooverave.blogspot.com

Source: https://www.history.com/news/american-revolution-causes

Bagikan Artikel ini